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Newsletter: October 2005

 

Runners contribute millions to charities through their training and their race entries—every year. The road races around North America provide an experience during which almost everyone wins: cities promote fitness, charities raise needed funds, sponsors receive promotion, faster runners receive awards and everyone comes away with a sense of accomplishment from crossing the finish line.

Through the RRCA, runners and walkers have several opportunities to help Katrina victims by donating shirts or donating funds.

Because the Fall marathon/half marathon season is rapidly approaching, I’ve included some tips about choosing a realistic goal, pacing yourself on the last few long runs and how to adjust for heat on race day. Look through the sale items also.

Have a great month!

 

Jeff

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Medical Advice—Always see a doctor for medical problems, especially a physician who wants to get you back out there on the sidewalks or trails. Always get your doctor's OK when you train strenuously. This newsletter is an offering of information from one runner to another.

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Adjusting for heat on long runs and races
The following formula resulted from of decades of analyzing the slowdown of finishing times due to temperature increase. Many runners carry a digital thermometer. Start your slowdown at 65F!

Half marathon/marathon: Slow by 30 sec/mi for each 5 degrees of temperature increase above 60F

5K—slow down by 5 seconds per mile for every 5 degrees of increased temperature above 60F

10K—slow down by 10 sec/mi for every 5 degrees of temperature increase above 60F

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Galloway's Prediction Formula
Through working with thousands of e-coaching and Galloway Training Program folks, I’ve found that a one-mile time trial can very accurately predict your potential time in longer events. Simply run 3 or 4 of these, over a 3-month period before a goal race, average the times and then use the formula below. Here’s how it works:

1. Warm up by jogging slowly for about one mile and warm down with the same or longer. Do 4-8 gradual accelerations of about 50-80 yards (no sprinting) before doing the mile time trial.
2. Run 4 laps around a track, at a pace that is hard for you. You will be huffing and puffing during the last lap or two. Finish feeling like you couldn’t run more than another half lap at the same pace.
3. Most runners I’ve worked with find that they have a faster time when they insert a 10-30 second walk break every 1-2 laps.
4. Use the formula below to compute your potential (on a 60F day) for the following:

5K—add 33 seconds
10K—multiply by 1.15
Half Marathon—Multiply by 1.2
Marathon—Multiply by 1.3

This assumes that you have done the training for the goal. (See MARATHON! for training schedules, speed sessions, etc.)

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A “Walk Break Watch”. Yes, folks it's true there is a watch that can help you with your run/walks. It's the Timex Ironman Triathlon 100 Lap. We've been using and recommending it for many years.
See the Watch.

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Jeff's Picks

Ringling Bridge Run III 5k & 1 Mi. Fun Run, Sarasota, FL, September 24
Twin Cities Marathon, Minneapolis, MN, October 2
Durango Marathon and Durango Double - A Festival for Runners, October 8-9
Niagara Falls Marathon, Niagara Falls, Ontario, October 23
Marine Corps Marathon, Washington, DC, October 30
Athens Marathon, Athens, Greece, November 6
Pace Race, Atlanta, GA, November 19
Disney World Marathon, Orlando, FL, January 7-8, 2006
Mardi Gras Marathon, New Orleans, LA, February 5, 2006
Freescale Austin Marathon, Austin, TX, February 19, 2006
Big Sur International Marathon, Carmel, CA, April 30. 2006

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Sale Items
MARATHON by Jeff Galloway Sale price $11.95 (down from $15.95)
This has the info you need for training and running the marathon—pacing, nutrition, motivation and much more. Each copy is autographed by Jeff

TESTING YOURSELF by Jeff Galloway Sale price $ 12.95 (down from $17.95)
Many runners find that they can improve speed by training for a 1 mile, 2 mile, or 5K. This book has training programs, plus evaluation time trials to tell you what goal is realistic. There is a lot of support information on injuries, shoes, breaking through barriers, etc. All books are autographed.

Endurox EXCEL Sale price $15.99 (down from $17.99)
Many runners who have been experiencing lingering fatigue (that doesn’t go away) have been able to turn things around with this tablet product. This contains the active ingredient in gensing, “ciwega” which has been shown in research to speed recovery from physical activity. This has been particularly beneficial for those over 40.

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Pacing yourself on the long runs
The primary reason for injury in marathon training, based on my experience, is running the long runs too fast. “Too fast” may not be as fast as you think. But before you compute pace for the long runs, you need to get a reality check on your goal. Here is how it works:

1. Read the section on “Galloway’s Prediction Formula” above. Regardless of your goal, compute what you are currently capable of running in the marathon by multiplying your mile time by 1.3.
2. Add two minutes per mile to this pace.
3. Add 30 seconds a mile for every 5 degrees of increased temperature above 60F.
4. It never hurts to run even slower—you get the same endurance from a fast long run, as from a slow one.
5. You recover much faster from a slow long run.

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Jeff Galloway Forms Partnership With Mizuno

What started out as a test ride of Mizuno’s popular Wave Rider Running Shoe by Jeff, has turned into a 3 year partnership between Jeff and Mizuno Running Shoes and Apparel. “Jeff came by the Mizuno Booth at this past April’s Big Sur Marathon in Monterey, California” explains Mizuno’s National Running Promotions Manager, Ron Wayne. I asked if he would like to try a pair of Mizuno Running Shoes. After examining Jeff’s biomechanics, it was determined that the Wave Rider was the best option for him. Jeff tried them out that day and was so impressed with the performance of the Wave Rider, he came back to the booth in the middle of his run to relay how much he liked the ride of the shoe. I told Jeff “to try the shoe for a week and if it still performed to his satisfaction, then perhaps Jeff and Mizuno could help promote running together.”

Over the next several months Mizuno Sales Representatives attended Jeff’s events in Boston, Jacksonville, Sacramento, Houston, Austin, Lake Tahoe, Pittsburgh, Daytona Beach and Fort Lauderdale. Mizuno Representatives have attended Jeff’s “Meet and Greet Jeff”, Clinics, and Fun Runs answering shoe questions and having draw prizes of Mizuno Shoes, Bags, T-shirts and Hats. At Jeff ‘s Running Schools, the Mizuno Reps presented information on Mizuno’s award winning shoes and patented Wave Technology, on the biomechanics of runners’ feet, and how to purchase the proper running shoe. At each of the running schools, a pair of Mizuno Shoes was raffled off.

Mizuno is the official Shoe and Apparel Sponsor of the Freescale Austin Marathon in February. The Galloway Training Program will focus on this race as an incentive for their membership. Galloway Training Program runners will receive special discounts into the marathon and half marathon. Plus, training program members will receive a technical running top as part of their 2006 membership. A Jeff Galloway Web Page can be found on the Mizuno USA website, www.mizunosusa.com, where Jeff’s events are listed and an “Ask Jeff” Column can be found where Jeff will answer questions on Training, Diet, Equipment, etc.

“Mizuno is known for high end quality sporting goods products” explains Jeff. “They are the largest general sporting goods company in the world, the number one baseball company in the world and the United States, the number one volleyball company in the world and the United States, and the number one iron used on the PGA Tour the past 8 years. They are the fastest growing running shoe company in the US and I look forward to a great relationship with Mizuno”

Mizuno Website

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Injury of the Month: Black Toenails

Over my 40 years of running, I've had hundreds of black toenails. The following is my advice in avoiding and treating this problem. This is offered as experience passed from one runner to another. You should always confer with a doctor who knows about running injuries when you have a medical problem.

Almost everyone who runs gets a black toenail. Getting your first one is a sign that you've moved your training into a higher level. While most runners blame a shoe that is too small, this is often not the primary cause. Certainly toe pressure from the shoe can make the toe hurt even more, but pressure from underneath seems to produce more black nails.

If a toe is under pressure from the shoe or a sock that is too tight or too thick, the sustained pressure, step after step, produces an impact or a friction problem between the toenail and the tissue surrounding it. When the tissue gets damaged, fluid accumulates. The red or black color is the result of a few blood capillaries that become broken in the process. The more fluid that accumulates, the more pain. The extra fluid, colored by some blood, accumulates below the toenail. When the pressure gets too great, the existing toenail will be separated from the "toenail in training," which is located below the current nail. Even if it takes several months, the blackened outer nail will drop off, leaving the new nail below. Sometimes the pressure of the fluid, will warp the new nail, but it will get smoother as it grows out.

But most of the pressure that results in this "toenail injury" is produced by the regular action of the foot coming forward, thousands of times every 5K. Each time your foot swings forward, a little extra blood is pushed into the toe region due to the force of the foot coming forward. If you increase your distance regularly and very gradually, your toes will adjust to each new maximum distance and only complain when you extend farther. In a marathon training program, almost everyone gets at least one black toenail. Running faster than you should be running, at any time during a long run, will increase the chance of this injury.

Hot weather also improves your odds of getting one. When it's warm, your feet swell more than they would on cold days. Because there is more pressure, and more fluid, there are more black nails generated during the summer months.

You'll reduce the chance of a black nail if you ensure that you have enough room in your toe area when you fit your shoes. At least half an inch is needed, when you're standing in the prospective shoes (in the sitting position, the toes aren't all the way forward). If you've had a history of black toenails and summer is approaching (or here), you may want more toe room. When you add more room at the end, ensure that the arch of the shoe matches up with your arch. Also, run in the shoe before you buy it to make sure that your foot doesn't slide forward as you're running, which can aggravate the toe more than a tight toe box.

It's best to take no action on black toenails, if the pain is manageable. About 24 hours after the long or fast run which produced the problem toe, you can decide whether the pain is tolerable. It usually lessens each day thereafter. About 80 percent of the black toe problems are best treated by ignoring them. The damaged part of the nail is gradually pushed out, and the foot slowly returns to normal. If at any point you see the redness associated with infection, see a doctor.

If the toe hurts too much, especially 24 hours later, you should release the pressure underneath by one of two methods. It's always better to have this done by a doctor, but I've heard from hundreds of runners who've done this by themselves without any significant problems. It's up to you.

1. If the edge of the fluid is near the tip of the toenail, a sharp sewing needle can do the job. Sterilize it by putting it in the flame of a match or lighter until the tip becomes red hot. Be sure to insulate the end of the needle so that you aren't holding it directly with your fingers. After a couple of minutes, when the needle is cool, send it into the thin layer of skin, at the edge of the toenail, where you see water underneath. Let the water come out. Enlarge the hole slightly and insert some triple antibiotic cream up underneath, squeezing it around to speed up the healing time.

2. If the fluid is in the center of the nail, sterilize a paper clip by putting it in the flame of a match or lighter until the tip becomes red hot. As in # 1 above, make sure that your fingers are insulated from directly touching the paperclip. While it is red, place the clip into the center of the fluid area. It will quickly melt the nail, producing a nice round hole by which the fluid can escape. As in # 1 above, squirt some triple antibiotic cream underneath, squeezing it around to speed up the healing time.

These methods may seem like something out of a torture textbook, but they don't have to hurt. Again, if you have any doubts, see a doctor.

Injury Archives at JeffGalloway.com

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THE ATHLETE’S KITCHEN, by Nancy Clark, MS, RD Copyright 2005
www.NancyClarkRD.com

Caffeine and Runners
Many runners enjoy a caffeine-lift either as a morning eye-opener, during daily coffee breaks, before training run, and during competitive events. Questions arise about caffeine:
Should I use caffeinated gels during long runs...?
How much caffeine is in Red Bull....?
Does coffee enhance performance — or is it dehydrating..?

The purpose of this article is to look at caffeine (most commonly consumed as coffee) as a part of a sports diet and help you determine whether you want to take it or leave it.

Caffeine and hydration
We’ve all heard the warning: Coffee has a diuretic effect, is dehydrating, and doesn’t count as a fluid replacer. While once deemed true, we now know differently. The truth is, a moderate intake of coffee, cola and other caffeinated beverages do count towards fluid needs–particularly if you are accustomed to consuming caffeine as a part of your daily diet. (Don’t we all know someone who drinks only coffee–no water–and is fully functional?) Given about 80% of us drink coffee (55% daily, 25% occassionally), and the average intake is about 200 mg caffeine/day (3 mg/kg), most runners are familiar with caffeine’s benefits of heightened alertness and performance.

The US military is intensely interested in the physiological effects of caffeine on hydration. With soldiers enduring the heat of Iraq, the military needs to know how to optimize hydration. Hence, they have researched the effects of moderate and high doses of caffeine (3 and 6 mg/kg body weight) on hydration. Using subjects who habitually consumed a relatively low amount of caffeine--equivalent to one 6-ounce cup of brewed coffee (100 mg/day; about 1.3 mg caffeine/kg), they found no detrimental effects of caffeine on 24-hour urine volume. (Armstrong, In’t J Sports Nutr, June 2005) By day’s end, the urine losses were similar whether the person consumed no caffeine or a high dose.

How did the “coffee is dehydrating” myth start? The initial studies looked at urine collection just 2 to 4 hours after caffeine-consumption (not the 24-hour picture), did not compare coffee to water, or used very high doses of caffeine. We now know people have similar urine volume whether they consume caffeinated (< 3 mg caffeine/kg) or plain water.

Caffeine and performance
Caffeine is one of the best-tested ergogenic aids and is known to help athletes train harder and longer. Caffeine stimulates the brain and contributes to clearer thinking and greater concentration. There are more than 74 good studies on the use of caffeine for both endurance exercise and short-term, higher intensity exercise. The vast majority of the studies conclude that caffeine does indeed enhance performance and makes the effort seem easier (by about 6%). The average improvement in performance is about 12%, with more benefits noticed during endurance exercise than with shorter ( 8 to 20 minutes) exercise and a negligible amount for sprinters. More benefits are also noticed in athletes who rarely drink coffee, hence are not tolerant to its stimulant effect.

Because each runner responds differently to caffeine, do not assume you will perform better with a caffeine-boost. You might just end up nauseated, coping with a “coffee stomach,” or suffering from caffeine jitters at a time when you are already nervous and anxious. And be forewarned: while a morning cup of coffee can assist with a desirable bowel movement, a pre-competition mugful might lead to transit troubles! Experiment during training to determine if a caffeinated beverage or plain water is your best bet.

Caffeine and sports beverages, sports supplements
As you have likely observed, caffeine is readily available in a variety of products:
Gu, Vanilla, 1 oz... 20 mg
Diet Coke, 12-oz...30 mg
Espresso, 1 oz. shot...40 mg
Jolt gum,1 piece...40 mg
Pepsi, 12 oz. can...45 mg
Dexatrim Diet Pill...52 mg
Excedrine, 1 tab ... 65 mg
Red Bull, 8 oz. can...80 mg
Starbuck’s, 16 oz...200 mg
NoDoz max, 1 tab...200 mg

A moderate caffeine intake is considered to be 250 mg/day. In research studies, the amount of caffeine that enhances performance ranges from 1.5 to 4 mg/lb body weight (3 to 9 mg/kg) taken 1 hour pre-exercise. For a 150 lb person, this comes to about 225 to 600 mg. More does not seem to be better.

Most runners get caffeine by drinking coffee; others consume caffeinated gels, chug Red Bull, or pop NoDoz pills. Because the amount of caffeine in coffee is so variable, some athletes prefer products with specified doses.

Caffeine and calories
If Starbuck’s or Dunkin’ Donuts are your preferred sources for caffeine, be forewarned: Their specialty coffees are filled with calories. While black coffee has no calories, a “coffee regular” with two creamers and two sugars has 80 calories. A 16-ounce Starbucks’ Vanilla Frappuccino perks you up with 470 calories of sugar and fat; a Dunkin’ Donuts Coffee Coolatta — 350 calories. These are not “diet beverages”... Hopefully, they will energize you enough to burn off those calories during a killer workout!

Caffeine and common sense
Runners vary in their response to caffeine; some are very sensitive and prefer to abstain rather than get overstimulated. Others thrive on a jumbo cup of brew. Clearly, you have to learn through trial and error the amount of caffeine that works best for your body--if any at all! Perhaps more sleep could be the better energizer for some low-energy runners?


Sports dietitian Nancy Clark, MS, RD counsels both casual exercisers and competitive athletes at her private practice in Healthworks, the premier fitness center in Chestnut Hill, MA (617-383-6100). Her best-selling books are available at JeffGalloway.com.





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